Different kinds of yarn are used in
textile sector. These are different in structure and character. Definition of
these yarn are given below:
Spun yarn:
Spun yarn is defined as the twisted
continuous strand of staple fiber having considerable strength; twist is given
to gripping each other of staple fiber. It should have definite fineness and
no. of twist per inch, which ensure its suitability for next consequence
processes. Spun yarns are formed by flyer, rotor, air-jet and vortex-spinning
system.
Filament yarn:
Filament yarn is defined as the twisted
or without twisted strands of filaments, where each filament runs the whole
length of yarn. When yarn is composed of one filament is called ‘monofilament
yarn’. If yarn is composed of more than one filament is called ‘multifilament
yarn’. There are approximately 50 to more than 100 filaments present in one
multifilament yarn.
Carded yarn:
Yarn produced from fibers that have
been only carded but not combed. Carded yarn is also ring, rotor and vortex
yarn.
Combed yarn:
Yarn produced from fibers that have
been both carded and combed. Normally carded yarn is manufactured by ring
spinning system. The combing process is an additional step beyond carding. In
this process the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel form, and additional
short fibers, neps and trash are removed, producing high quality yarns with
excellent strength and evenness. Normally combing is necessary to manufacture
good quality fine yarn.
Ring yarn:
Ring yarn is formed by the twisting of
ring and traveler combination by ring spinning machine. Normally ring yarn can
be coarse to fine in fineness.
Rotor yarn:
Rotor yarn is formed by twisting of
rotor by rotor spinning machine. This yarn can be formed from short fiber.
Normally rotor yarn is coarse. Rotor yarn is also called open end yarn.
Air-jet yarn:
Air-jet yarn is manufactured by air-jet
spinning machine. This yarn is false twist or zero twist yarn. This yarn is
coarse to medium in fineness.
Vortex yarn:
Vortex yarn is manufactured by vortex
spinning machine. This yarn is coarse to medium in fineness. Vortex yarn is
also open end yarn.
Woven yarn:
Yarn is manufactured for the purpose of
woven cloth manufacturing is called woven yarn. If yarn is used at the
lengthwise direction of cloth is called warp yarn and if yarn is used at the
width wise direction of cloth is called weft yarn. Normally warp yarn is
stronger than
weft yarn.
Knit yarn:
yarn which is manufactured for the
purpose of knitted cloth manufacturing is called knit yarn. Knit yarn is a low
twisted soft yarn.
Single yarn:
Single yarns are made from single
filaments or from group of staple or filament fibers twisted together to form
the desired yarn. Monofilament, Multifilament and spun yarns are all single
yarns.
Ply yarn:
Ply yarns are made by twisting together
two or more single yarns. Each part of the yarn is called a ply. Yarn can be
two, three or four plied. Sewing thread is ply yarn.
Cord yarn:
Cord yarns are formed by twisted
together of plied yarns. They are seldom used in conventional fabrics.
100% Cotton:
The yarn has 100% cotton fiber.
P/C or T/C:
Yarn produced by blending of cotton and
polyester fibers. The maximum part of this yarn is polyester. The yarn has more
than 50% polyester fibers and rest portion is cotton
CVC:
A blended yarn having more percentage
of cotton as compared to that of polyester is called chief value cotton or CVC
yarn. For example, Cotton: Polyester is
70:30 or 60:40.