How to be environment polluted by Textile Industry?

Textile processing generates many waste streams, including water-based effluent as well as Air emissions, water pollution, and hazardous wastes. The nature of the waste generated Depends on the type of textile facility, the processes and technologies being operated, and the types of fibers and chemicals used.

1 Air Pollutants:
Most processes performed in textile mills produce atmospheric emissions. Gaseous emissions have been identified as the second greatest pollution problem (after effluent quality) for the textile industry.

Speculation concerning the amounts and types of air pollutants emitted from textile operations has been widespread, but, generally, air emissions data for textile manufacturing operations are not readily available. Most published data are based on mass-balance calculations, not direct measurements.


Air pollution is the most difficult type of pollution to sample, test, and quantify in an audit. Measurement techniques such as direct reading tubes and gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometer have been used recently to collect more reliable data. Continued collection of air emissions data from textile operations will result in better definitions of industry norms. Efforts are now underway to establish a reliable set of emissions factors for textiles; however, no set is currently available that can be recommended for audit purposes.

Air emissions can be classified according to the nature of their sources:

Point sources: Specific discharge points, such as stacks or vents, that are intended to be the point of atmospheric release for emissions. ( Boilers are one of the major point sources of air emissions in the textile industry. Primarily because of emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides from boilers)

Fugitive sources: Sources for more general atmospheric emissions such as those that occur through evaporation, leaks, and spills.

2 Indoor Air Pollution
In recent years, textile materials have been linked to indoor air quality (IAQ) problems. Textile materials that emit pollutants (primary emitters) as well as those that sorb and reemit air pollutants indoors (secondary emitters) are a concern for the textile industry. At this time, researchers are studying primary emissions from the types of textile process residues listed below:

Chemical finishes
Dyeing process residues
Assembly and fabrication residues
3 Water pollution:
Textile manufacturing is one of the largest industrial producers of waste water. On average, approximately 160 pounds of water (20 gallons) are required to produce 1 pound of textile product. Textile also is a chemically intensive industry, and therefore, the waste water from textile processing contains processing bath residues from preparation, dyeing, finishing, and other operations. These residues can cause damage if not properly treated before discharge to the environment

4 Hazardous Waste:
Most textile operations produce little or no hazardous waste as part of their routine operations, but a small percentage of textile mills (perhaps 10 percent to 20 percent) are hazardous waste generators. Any facility that uses chemicals can produce hazardous waste if a chemical exhibiting the hazardous characteristics of ignitability, toxicity, corrosively, reactivity, or flammability is spilled on the ground. The contaminated soil from such a spill is often hazardous waste by the legal definition and must be handled accordingly.

Generators must prepare both for routine handling of hazardous waste and for emergencies through proper training, equipment, and policies. For facilities that generate and handle hazardous waste, hazardous waste policies are essential. Policies must be realistic and must actually encourage proper practices. Policies designed mainly to protect the employer from liability and that do not actually promote safety and pollution prevention should be avoided.

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