Working procedure of Dyeing in Textile Industries?

1.1 Desizing: This process to remove the size material and increase the absorbency power of the fabric to make the fabric suitable for the next process is called Desizing.

Chemical Types:

1. Detergent – 200gm

2. Caustic soda – 400gm

3. Water – 400 L

4. Hydrogen Peroxide – 600gm

5. Temperature - 70°c

At first mixed the chemical then run the machine 10 minutes at 70°c. After this process to proper clean the machine with 800 L water.

1.2 Neutral: Neutral is done to control the pH of this process pH must be checked. Some chemical are use for the process. At first Acetic Acid (100gm) with water 400 L to run the machine 5 minutes at 45°c. Then after this process to proper clean the machine with 800 L water for the next process.

1.3 Dyeing: This process by which is a textile material is to be changed physically or chemically, so that it looks mono uniform colored is called Dyeing.

Alfatex + Anticrease = 45°c – 5min

Dye Chemical = 55°c – 5min + Salt after 20min

Fixing Agent

 Softening Agent

 Rinsing Wash

Dain

1.4 Objects of dyeing:

1. The textile goods are dyed uniformly with single color.

2. To increase the attractiveness of the textile goods.

3. To make the fabric suitable for various usage.

4. To make textile goods suitable for decorative purposes.

Some necessary chemicals are needed for this process. Such as

1. Alfatex – 500gm

2. Anticrease – 500gm

Anticrease removes crease mark. The Belly Machine run 5 minute with chemical and water at 80°c temperature then add dyestuff.

 Indosol Scarlet BL – 350GM

 Rose RR – 66.25gm

 Red BA – 153.5gm

 Salt – 15kg

Those chemical are mixed in a bath. Those chemical are taken in a Belly Mache with 800 L water to run the machine 5 minute at 80°c temperature then check garments to match the shade.

1.5 Fixing: This is a very important process because it helps to carry dye in garments. It increases durability dye in the garments. For this process fixing agent such as hydrocol sun (300gm) and water is needed to run machine 5 minute at 40°c. Then after this process to proper clean the machine with 800 L water for the next process.

1.6 Enzyme: This process is done when the garments carry excess dye than the buyer requirement. But when garments carry light that time enzyme process is not necessary. For enzyme process Jak powder (150gm) and pocket clear (100gm) are needed with water to run the machine 5 minute at 40°c temperature. After this process to proper clean the machine with 800 L water.

1.7 Softener: Softener is used to soft the garments. For this process IMA and Acetic Acid are needed with water to run the machine 5 minute at 40°c temperature then garments out. After Finishing those process garments are taken out for finish dry process. Time, Temperature, Liquor Ratio must be controlled.

1.8 Garments dyeing process with vat dyes: The following process is suitable specially for garment dyeing. Typical recipe: Wetting agent = 0.5 – 1.0 g/l Sequestering agent = 1.0 - 2.0 g/l Leveling agent = 1.0 - 2.0 g/l Retarding agent – 5 - 7 g/l (If necessary use in hot dyes) Dyes = 7% (owf) Caustic soda = 5 %(according to vender recommendation) Hydros (sodium hydrosulfite) = 5%( according to vender recommendation) Temperature = 70°c - 80°c Time = 30 – 50 min M: L = 1:10

Procedure:

1. First, settle dye bath with substrate at 40°c and wetting, sequestering agent, leveling, retarding agent (if necessary) and then run for 5 – 10 min.

2. Add dyes according to substrate weight and run the bath for 5 min.

3. Add 2/3 of caustic soda requirements and run for 5 min.

4. Raise the temperature to 70 – 80 at 2-3c/min and run for 5 min.

5. Add Sodium hydrosulfite (hydroz) to the bath with rest 1/3 amount of caustic requirements.

6. Run the bath for 30 min and maintain reduction by checking with vat reduction paper.

7. Overflow rinse until with cold water.

1.9 Oxidation: After dyeing cycle penetrated and distributed dye molecules are oxidized to convert insoluble form into the fiber. The oxidation process can be done in contact of air or other oxidizing agent. For example, the oxidation process can be carried out treating the dyed goods with 0.5 – 1.0 g/l hydrogen 35% at 30 – 35 for 10 min.

1.9.1 Soaping:

Detergent = 1.0 – 2.0 g/l

Soda ash = 1- 2 g/l

Glucose = 95 – 100c

Time = 15 – 30 min

M: L = 1: 10 – 1: 20

The rinse the goods with cold-hot-cold water successively.

1.9.2 Softening:

1. That the good with 1.0 – 2.0% softening agent at 10 min.

2. Drop

3. Finally dry the goods uses.

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