100% cotton
In this type of yarn the fiber used in the yarn is fully natural
cotton fiber.
Viscose:
This is also called regenerated yarn. In this process the used
fiber is produced from the cellulose of eucalyptus tree. The melted cellulose
of this tree is passed through spinneret and viscose fiber is produced and this
fiber used for making yarn.
It is one kind of modified viscose. By increasing the strength and
luster of viscose this type of yarn is produced.
Blended
Different fibers are combined to make a definite type of yarn in
this process.
Organic yarn
When yarn is spun from the cottons which are produced in the field
where no fertilizer and pesticides are used then they are known as organic
cotton. The standard of their quality is lower than the other natural cotton.
Special Featured Yarn
Slub
The yarn has got thick and thin places along its length. By
varying the amount of drafting in different processes of spinning slub yarn is
produced.
Multi-count
When the slub length is almost one meter or greater then this type
of yarn is called multi-count.
Multi-twisted yarn
The amount of twist is varied along the length of the yarn and
this type of yarn is produced.
Important Criteria of
Fiber
- Length
- Strength:
- Fineness:
- Maturity:
- Short fiber content
- Color
Short notes on these
are given below
- Length
The greater the length
of fiber the better the quality of yarn
- Strength:
The force needed to
break a fiber determines its strength. Good quality yarn has better strength.
Strength depends on length, dyeing of fiber.
- Fineness:
The extent to which the
fibers are thick or thin determines the fineness of fiber. When the yarn is
made up of thin fibers then its color absorbing power is higher. And thicker
fiber causes less color absorption. But when thick and thin is mixed up then
the dye absorption is not uniform.
- Maturity:
In the cotton plant
when the cotton ball cracks and cotton can be seen then it is assumed that the
cotton is matured. But if the plucking is done before the right time then that
immature cotton is a bit sticky and it causes neps. The dye absorbing ability
of immature fiber is quite low because of these neps. White spike can be seen
in this case.
- Short
fiber content
If the fiber length is
calculated in a certain amount of cotton then some fibers are found of very
short length. Less amount of short fiber is desirable. It creates thick places
and also hairiness along the length of yarn.
- Color
Uniform color of fiber
is expected. Bleaching needs different amount of chemical for different colors
of yarn. Over bleaching can cause reduction in strength. Uniform color can
ensure required amount of bleaching.
Yellowness is determined by using +b scale.
The glossiness of yarn is a good quality feature and Rd
(Reflective distance) measures this feature.
Important Terms of
Spinning
Unit of yarn: different types of unit system of yarn are widely
used.
- Indirect system: in this
system, the length of yarn in one unit weight is calculated. Here,
1 hank= 840 yards of yarn.
1 count = amount of hank in one pound of yarn.
This is also known as English Cotton System, Nec.
- Direct system: the unit used
in this system is Tex.
Spandex:
This is a kind of elastomeric filament. A popular brand
producing this type of filament is Lycra.
Bale Management
Bale management is done at the starting of the yarn spinning
process. It refers to the process where bales of different cotton are arranged
in such a way so that the proportions of various types of cotton remain same in
all the lot.